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The forests cover thirty five percent of the land surface of the world, provide housing for animals, livelihood for humans, and domestic income in rural areas of developing countries. They also supply other essential features, for example, they filter water, control water runoff, protect soil erosion, regulate climate, store nutrients, and provide facility of countless non-wooden forest products (NTFPS). The main NTFPS includes herbs, grass, climbers, shrubs and food, fodder, fuel, food for beverages, medicines, animals, birds and fish with food, fur and feathers -their products, such as honey, lacquer, silk and paper. Currently, these products play an important role in the daily life and welfare of millions of people worldwide. Therefore the forest and its products are very valuable and often NTFP is considered as a ‘potential column of sustainable forestry’. NTFPS items such as food, herbal drugs, fautions, fuel-winds, fountains, fiber, bamboo, ruts, leaves, bark, resins, and gums have been constantly used and have been exploited by humans. Wild foods are rich in terms of vitamins, protein, fat, sugars and minerals. Additionally, some NTFPs are used as important raw materials for pharmaceutical industries. Many industries-based NTFPs are now being exported in large quantities by developing countries. Accordingly, the region facilitates employment opportunities in remote rural areas. Therefore, these developments also highlight the role of NTFP in poverty alleviation in various regions of the world. This book offers a wide spectrum of information on NTFPS, including important references. We hope that the compilation of chapters in this book would be very useful as a reference book for graduate and postgraduate students and researchers, which are in various subjects of forestry, botany, medical botany, economic botany, ecology, agroporesstra and biology. Additionally, this book should be useful for scientists, experts and advisors associated with the forestry sector.
